By: CE Critic

Effective Date: August 2024

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has ushered in a new era of transparency in the home audio industry with its revised "Amplifier Rule." This updated regulation, in effect since August 2024, introduces stricter testing requirements for amplifier power output claims. It's a game-changer, particularly for online shoppers who can't physically test amplifiers before purchase. The rule aims to expose discrepancies between advertised performance and actual capabilities, ensuring consumers make informed decisions.

Key Changes in the 2024 Amplifier Rule:

• Distortion Limits: Amplifiers must maintain total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N) under 1% from 20Hz to 20kHz, even after running at full power for five minutes.
• Testing Conditions: Testing now requires an ambient temperature of at least 77°F (25°C) for consistent results.
• Preconditioning: Amplifiers must undergo a warm-up period, operating at 1/8 of their rated power for one hour with an 8-ohm load, simulating real-world use.
• Frequency Range Testing: Mandatory testing at 20Hz and 20kHz provides a more comprehensive view of an amplifier's capabilities, addressing potential overstatements associated with the previous 1kHz-only testing.
• Multichannel Amplifiers: Front-left and front-right channels must operate at full power during testing, while self-powered subwoofers have specific frequency range requirements.

Impact on Manufacturers:

Previously, manufacturers enjoyed considerable flexibility in their testing procedures, leading to inconsistent results for the same amplifier model. The revised rule levels the playing field by imposing specific guidelines for advertising power output:

• FTC Power Output Rating: Compliant power output claims must be labeled "FTC Power Output Rating."
• Optional Disclosures: Manufacturers can provide additional power output information, but it must be clearly labeled as not tested under the FTC standard and presented less prominently than the FTC rating.
• Clarifications: Footnotes, asterisks, or similar tactics can no longer be used to obscure testing conditions.

These regulations are poised to expose exaggerated claims, potentially impacting amplifiers that previously met the less stringent standards. The 1% THD+N limit and full-frequency range testing could pose challenges for models that prioritized mid-range performance or employed vacuum tubes, known for higher distortion levels.

While the FTC does not mandate product modifications, manufacturers must adhere to the new rules when making power-related claims. This empowers them to choose their marketing approach while maintaining transparency.

Industry Concerns and FTC's Response:

The FTC's proposal garnered overwhelming support, but industry groups like the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) raised concerns:

• 1% THD+N Limit: Excluding many amplifiers, particularly those using vacuum tubes, due to their inherent higher distortion.
• 20Hz to 20kHz Testing Range: Potentially unsuitable for amplifiers designed for specific frequency ranges.
• Focus on Full Frequency Range: Overemphasis on distortion from power supply hum and noise.

The FTC addressed some feedback, adjusting the wording for optional disclosures to avoid criticizing international standards. They maintain that the benefits of increased clarity outweigh any potential challenges for manufacturers and have certified minimal economic impact on small entities.

Penalties for False Claims:

Manufacturers and sellers found in violation of the Amplifier Rule could face legal action from the FTC. Penalties may include:

• Civil Penalties: Monetary fines for each violation.
• Injunctions: Court orders prohibiting further deceptive practices.
• Consumer Redress: Reimbursement to consumers who were misled.

Speculation on Impact:

• Receiver Manufacturers: May need to redesign or re-engineer products to meet the stricter standards, particularly those relying on vacuum tube technology. Increased testing and compliance costs could also impact smaller manufacturers.
• Amplifier Companies: May face challenges in marketing products with higher distortion levels. The need for transparent and accurate power output claims could drive innovation in amplifier design and testing.

Conclusion:

The FTC's revised Amplifier Rule signals a significant shift toward transparency and accountability in the home audio industry. While it presents challenges for some manufacturers, it ultimately empowers consumers to make informed decisions based on reliable power output information. As the industry adapts, we can expect to see more innovation and a greater focus on delivering genuine performance that aligns with advertised claims. Read the full regulation here.